Fine-tuning and RAG: what each technique addresses
RAG adds retrieved information to a response context. Fine-tuning changes model behavior through examples. They can be combined, but neither technique removes errors or establishes document permissions by itself.
Ian · 2026-03-05
Practical guide
Fine-tuning and RAG: what each technique addresses
RAG adds retrieved information to a response context. Fine-tuning changes model behavior through examples. They can be combined, but neither technique removes errors or establishes document permissions by itself.
Planning a first application
- First test a baseline with suitable instructions and examples.
- Use retrieval to consult information that needs updating.
- Consider fine-tuning for behavior or format with sufficient examples and evaluation.
What to check before deciding
Compare quality and cost on the same tasks, including difficult cases. Count data preparation, training, inference, storage, review and maintenance. Permissions and source updates must be addressed in the architecture.
Primary reference: Lewis et al. · Retrieval-Augmented Generation
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