RPA and AI agents: choosing an approach for each task

Rule-based automation is useful when data and steps are well defined. An agent adds a model that interprets context and proposes actions; this introduces uncertainty and needs controls. Both approaches can work within one process.

Ian · 2026-04-18

Practical guide

RPA and AI agents: choosing an approach for each task

Rule-based automation is useful when data and steps are well defined. An agent adds a model that interprets context and proposes actions; this introduces uncertainty and needs controls. Both approaches can work within one process.

Planning a first application

  1. Document inputs, outputs and process exceptions.
  2. Use rules for deterministic checks and transfers.
  3. Reserve the model for interpreting text or selecting authorized actions.

What to check before deciding

Compare total time, errors and reviews with the current procedure. A plausible response is not proof of correct execution: check the destination system and retain a manual fallback.

Primary reference: Anthropic · Building effective agents

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